University of Baguio Multidisciplinary Research Journal
University of Baguio Multidisciplinary Research Journal (UBMRJ) is an open-access and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published by the University of Baguio through the Research Innovation Extension and Community Outreach (RIECO) office, which caters to various disciplines. This journal is a part of the University of Baguio’s institutional research agenda and publication system, established to promote ethical scholarly communication, rigorous peer review, and unrestricted access to high-quality research outputs produced by local, national, and international scholars.
Optimizing college sports dance education through situational teaching
This study explores the effectiveness of optimizing physical education dance instruction in colleges and universities through contextual pedagogy, with the aim of enhancing students' participation and skill mastery. As physical education dance teaching continues to evolve, improving students' learning interest and competitive level has become an increasingly important research concern, particularly given the limitations of traditional, technique-focused approaches that often overlook students' emotional engagement and creativity. To address this gap, the study adopted a mixed qualitative and quantitative research design, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations, and comparing the effects of traditional teaching methods with those of the contextual (situational) teaching method. The results showed that the contextual teaching method significantly enhanced students' motivation, participation, and dance skill level, while also improving their expressiveness and deeper understanding of dance culture. At the same time, the findings revealed challenges related to teamwork and the adequacy of teaching facilities, pointing to areas requiring further attention in future implementation. These findings contribute to filling a gap in the current literature on the application of contextual teaching within the field of physical education and dance, and provide a foundation for future research in this area.
Copyright (c) 2026 University of Baguio Multidisciplinary Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
From classroom to career: A tracer study on the post-secondary trajectories and curricular alignment of senior high school graduates in the Philippines
This tracer study investigates the post-secondary trajectories and academic transitions of graduates from a private secondary institution in the Philippines between 2018 and 2025. Utilizing a mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design, the research evaluates the employment status, tertiary enrollment patterns, and perceived curricular relevance among 195 alumni. Key findings indicate a predominant concentration in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strand, with a high propensity for transitions into allied health sciences. At the same time, a significant majority (75%) demonstrated structural alignment between their secondary specializations and tertiary programs; 25% experienced curricular-career mismatch driven by shifting professional interests, academic rigor, and socio-economic constraints. Quantitative assessments yielded a mean significance rating of 3.03 for specialized coursework, highlighting the role of secondary curricula in providing cognitive scaffolding for university-level success. Furthermore, the study identifies a high institutional satisfaction rate (3.44), primarily attributed to pedagogical efficacy, despite identified disparities in physical infrastructure. These findings provide a critical empirical baseline as the Philippine educational landscape transitions toward the flexible, elective-based MATATAG curriculum in SY 2026–2027. By documenting the challenges of the traditional strand-based system, this research underscores the necessity for data-driven career guidance and adaptive counseling to ensure student readiness in an increasingly fluid global academic environment.
The University of Baguio’s recruitment strategies for non-teaching staff
This study aims to explore and document the recruitment strategies used by the University of Baguio in hiring non-teaching staff and to identify the most effective practices in the process. A qualitative descriptive design was used, involving semi-structured interviews with the Human Resource Management Center Director and two human resource personnel responsible for recruitment. Dynamic Systems Theory and General Systems Theory guided the analysis by highlighting how the connected stages of recruitment and HRMC practices affect applicant flow, referrals, and online job postings. The findings show that the University of Baguio follows a structured recruitment process, as evidenced by its ISO 21001:2008 certification, including personnel requisition, job posting, screening, interviews, and onboarding. Job vacancies are mainly posted on the university website and social media platforms. Employee and alumni referrals were identified as the most effective strategy because of the cultural fit of referred applicants. However, salary competitiveness remains a major challenge. The study concludes that the university’s recruitment system is systematic and fair, but improvements are needed in manpower planning and compensation benchmarking. The results suggest shorter recruitment timelines, additional online platforms, and revised salary packages to attract qualified applicants.
Analyzing fire safety inspection certificates and fire causes in Baguio City establishments
This study employed a mixed method correlational design to examine the relationship between fire incident causes in Baguio City business establishments and compliance with mandated Fire Safety Inspection Certificates (FSICs). The quantitative phase analyzed 2024 fire incident reports and Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) certification records, using Pearson correlation and Chi square tests to determine whether FSIC compliance aligned with reduced fire occurrences. Results identified four major ignition sources: electrical arcing, appliance overheating, careless smoking, and open cooking flames. Findings revealed a moderate positive correlation (r = .53, p < .05) between FSIC compliance and improved fire prevention outcomes. Establishments with valid FSICs showed lower fire risks, yet incidents persisted, highlighting gaps in enforcement and monitoring. This disconnects suggested that certification alone did not guarantee operational safety. To contextualize these findings, the qualitative phase involved semi structured interviews with ten stakeholders, including BFP personnel, fire safety inspectors, and business owners. Thematic analysis, revealed three dominant themes: prolonged inspection delays, documentation gaps, and limited training. These themes explained why FSIC compliance did not fully translate into safety, pointing to administrative inefficiencies and outdated inspection practices. The integrated analysis underscored that FSIC effectiveness depended on continuous monitoring, digital record management, and proactive staff training. The study provided empirical evidence supporting modernization of BFP administrative functions, stricter post certification protocols, and enhanced inspector training. These reforms were deemed essential to strengthen compliance, accountability, and fire risk mitigation in Baguio City’s urban business environment.
Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC)
Vertical gardening as a sustainable food production strategy in higher education institutions: A feasibility study at the University of Baguio
This study assessed the feasibility of establishing a vertical garden using the Kratky hydroponic method at the University of Baguio as a sustainable approach to urban food production and environmental stewardship. The project evaluated the system’s viability in terms of space efficiency, resource conservation, and structural adaptability within a university setting. A low-cost and eco-friendly design was developed using recycled PET bottles, repurposed wood, coco peat, and locally available nutrient solutions. Results demonstrated that the Kratky hydroponic system is well suited for limited urban spaces. The vertical garden was successfully installed in an underutilized area behind the Centennial Building parking lot, maximizing vertical space without requiring extensive land use. The system operated without electricity, pumps, or complex equipment, with each plant sustained by only 0.75 liters of nutrient solution throughout its growth cycle. This passive approach minimized water and energy consumption while preventing nutrient runoff and promoting efficient resource utilization. The modular structure, composed of lightweight and recycled materials, proved adaptable for installation, relocation, and replication in various campus locations, including rooftops and wall facades. Furthermore, the design required no major structural modifications, making it suitable for integration into existing infrastructure. The findings indicate strong potential for broader campus adoption and community-level replication, contributing to food security, environmental sustainability, and experiential learning opportunities. The initiative supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Overall, the study presents a practical and replicable model for sustainable food production in educational institutions and other urban environments.
The shift to e-office transactions: The case of the University of Baguio
Efficiency and mechanism of delivery of service have been the long-felt need for smooth functioning of processes in every sector of society. In this context, the University of Baguio started to shift to e-office transactions during the pandemic period. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the status of the University’s e-office transactions along five service quality dimensions as perceived by the selected stakeholders. A descriptive, evaluative design was used to assess the University of Baguio's online business transactions capabilities and the gaps as it gradually shifts to doing online transactions. The stakeholders perceived that the University's service quality dimensions agree with the indicators for tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Despite perceiving that the University agrees with the five dimensions, there were significant differences among the groups. Further analysis showed that the gaps are also attributed to the employees’ different perceptions of the organization. The e-office transaction is well supported with the necessary infrastructure to support the smooth functioning of quality services. The increasing use of e-office transactions raises a need to define different standards and means to assess and assure quality service, invest in and adopt modern information and communication technologies to provide efficient access to e-services, and involve the employees in the establishment of a university process to utilize e-Office transactions/services.
Barangay Governance Performance Management System in the selected barangay of Tarlac City: An analysis
The Barangay Governance Performance Management System (BGPMS) is a key assessment tool for evaluating barangay performance across governance sectors such as social services, economic growth, and environmental management. This study critically examines the impact of BGPMS implementation in selected rural barangays of Tarlac City, focusing on how the system influences outcomes in social services, economic development, and environmental management during the fiscal year 2022-2024. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, the researcher analyzed BGPMS score sheets submitted to the DILG and conducted interviews to validate findings and explore obstacles and practices. Findings demonstrate that while BGPMS supports improved planning and record-keeping in rural barangays, its effectiveness is uneven: social services (0.74) and environmental management (0.67) received 'good' ratings, but economic development was rated 'poor' (0.16). This disparity highlights challenges—including complex criteria, lack of feedback, insufficient training, budget constraints, documentation burdens, and technical issues—that undermine the intended benefits of BGPMS. To address these issues, the researcher proposes simplifying criteria, enhancing training, increasing LGU support, improving feedback, and upgrading the system's infrastructure, directly targeting the system’s weaknesses.
Barangay Governance Performance Management System
S.P.E.A.K.: Exploring self-regulated learning strategies for accelerating foreign language learning among college students
This study investigated the self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies employed by BA English Language students at the University of Baguio in learning Mandarin, to identify which strategies most effectively address challenges in grammar, vocabulary, and phonology. While research on language acquisition is extensive, SRL strategies among Filipino foreign language learners remain underexplored. Using a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten students enrolled in Foreign Language 3 (Mandarin). Data was thematically analyzed through deductive coding to capture learner experiences. Findings revealed that while grammar posed less of an issue due to orthographic unfamiliarity and influence from their first language, vocabulary acquisition was challenged by script complexity and retention issues. Phonology emerged as the greatest obstacle due to tonal distinctions and pronunciation difficulties. To address these, learners employed digital tools for grammar support, audiovisual immersion for vocabulary building, and technology-driven pronunciation aids for phonology. Repetition, imitation, and contextual practice further enhanced retention, fluency, and confidence. The study concludes that effective Mandarin acquisition depends less on the absence of difficulty and more on learners’ strategic responses to challenges. Self-regulated strategies, particularly digital integration, repetition, and multimodal practice, meaningfully accelerates progress. To disseminate these findings, an informational video was created, with a learner-friendly framework to guide students and educators in applying SRL strategies effectively.
Assessing the outcomes of the School of Business Administration and Accountancy academic programs
Studies on program outcomes assessment is a need in outcomes-based education or OBE. The aim of this research was to look into the attainment of the program outcomes of the four academic programs of the University of Baguio: Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Master in Business Administration, and Doctor in Business Administration. The research used document analysis with informal interviews for confirmation of results. The documents were the grade sheets for all the subjects identified in the program outcomes of each academic program for all students in those programs whose last semester was last school year 2021-2022. It was found that almost all of the Accountancy students employ technology as a business tool in capturing financial and non-financial information, generating reports and making decisions. Of the Business Administration students, more than 95% can express themselves clearly and communicate effectively with stakeholders in oral and written forms. Concerning the Master in Business Administration students, 94% were able to defend their research title successfully. Lastly, the Doctor in Business Administration students are all able to come up with a good research title to successfully produce a research report.
Knowledge and execution of the recruitment process in the Department of Education in a highly urbanized city
This study examined the level of knowledge and extent of execution of recruitment and selection processes within the talent acquisition function of human resource management at the Department of Education (DepEd) in a highly urbanized city. It sought to establish a baseline for strengthening recruitment and selection practices in compliance with existing memoranda, issuances, and directives of the DepEd Regional and Central Offices. A descriptive survey research design was employed. The respondents consisted of 92 non-teaching personnel from the DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City, including city-paid employees assigned to the Schools Division Office. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed questionnaire based on a four-point Likert scale, supplemented by a structured interview guide. Descriptive survey sampling was used, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that all components of the recruitment process received high levels of agreement from respondents. Likewise, the execution of the selection process was consistently rated as highly implemented, with mean scores falling within the ‘Strongly Agree’ range, indicating strong knowledge and effective execution among non-teaching personnel. The findings suggest that recruitment and selection practices are well implemented; however, sustained reinforcement of standardized procedures remains essential. Insufficient knowledge or inconsistent execution may lead to inefficiencies, reduced transparency, and potential legal or reputational risks. Continuous capacity-building and strict adherence to established policies are vital to maintaining a fair, credible, and effective recruitment system.
A framework for succession planning for school appointees in private higher educational institutions: The case of a higher educational institution in Baguio City
This study investigated the succession planning practices at the University of Baguio by examining existing policies and challenges affecting leadership continuity. The study utilized an exploratory sequential design, beginning with qualitative interviews involving three deans and one human resource personnel, followed by a survey administered to 66 appointees, including Program Chairs, Student Body Advisers, School Alumni Relations Coordinators, Extension and Community Outreach Services Coordinators, School Research Anchorpersons, and Assistant Principals. All current appointees were included to ensure comprehensive representation of leadership perspectives within the university. The findings indicated that while succession planning existed in written form, the absence of a systematic and institution-wide framework resulted in leadership transitions that relied more on availability than on competency-based selection. In response, the study recommended the implementation of standardized selection criteria, structured leadership development programs, and the establishment of a Succession Planning Oversight Committee to ensure a merit-based and institutionalized approach to leadership continuity. These measures were expected to strengthen succession planning at the University of Baguio by aligning leadership transitions with institutional goals and long-term strategic development. The study contributed to existing literature on succession planning in private higher education by highlighting the gap between formal policies and actual leadership appointments and emphasizing the need for a structured, transparent, and competency-driven approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 University of Baguio Multidisciplinary Research Journal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
In vitro study of the potential of powdered Bugnay (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) fruit extract as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Hyperlipidemia is linked to chronic diseases with significant social and economic impacts. In the Philippines, the prevalence of obesity showed a gradually increasing trend. This study sought to find out the potential of powdered bugnay (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) fruit extract as a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. This study contributes to discovering natural compounds that can effectively lower cholesterol levels without the adverse effects of statin drugs. It is also significant in developing safe and effective natural products for hyperlipidemia and promoting the utilization of Indigenous fruits in the Philippines as a source of bioactive compounds with health benefits. This study utilized a Randomized Block Design to test different treatments on bugnay fruit extract and pravastatin. Fruits were vacuum-dried, and their polyphenols were extracted for lipid-lowering assays. The IC50 value was calculated from dose-response curves. Results showed that powdered bugnay fruit extract significantly inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity, with an average inhibition of 86.56%, compared to pravastatin’s 90.72%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the inhibitory effects of bugnay fruit and pravastatin, suggesting bugnay fruit extract as an effective natural alternative. This study showed inhibition effects towards HMG-CoA reductase activity and inhibited cholesterol formation by inhibiting the catalytic process of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Furthermore, powdered bugnay fruit extract may be a promising ingredient that helps lower hyperlipidemia in the community. It could be developed into a natural therapeutic alternative to synthetic statins, offering a safer option for managing hyperlipidemia, with fewer side effects and additional health benefits.
2025: Proceedings of 3rd Regional Student Research Colloquium, October 15, University of Baguio, Baguio City
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Hyperlipidemia, Lipid-lowering, Powdered bugnay fruit extract, Pravastatin
Factors affecting the English proficiency of Grade 9 to Senior High students in Lindawan National High School
The present study aims to examine the determinants that impact the English language competence levels of high school students at Lindawan National High School, Lucnab, Baguio City. Acknowledging the importance of English competence for successful communication and professional progress, this study seeks to pinpoint and resolve the educational inequalities that affect students' language acquisition experiences. A mixed-method explanatory sequential approach was utilized, combining quantitative data from EF-Set standardized tests with qualitative insights obtained from semi-structured interviews. Rigorous adherence to ethical principles, such as informed consent and confidentiality, was maintained. The results suggest that the students' mean English competence is at the Intermediate level (B1) in both auditory comprehension and written expression. Thematic analysis revealed four primary considerations that impact proficiency: an unfavorable home environment, instructional techniques, peer influence, and parental engagement in the learning process. Survey participants proposed various approaches to improve English language skills, such as seminars, a range of teaching techniques (both teacher-focused and learner-focused), and group tutorials. Based on these observations, the following may be adopted by the locale: gamified activities, conducting frequent PTA meetings to cultivate a nurturing home atmosphere, and arranging group tutorials on catch-up Fridays.
Father-Child lived experiences: The influence of single father parenting on college students academic self-efficacy
Single fathers raising college students represented a unique and understudied demographic within parenting and higher education. This study explored the lived experiences of single fathers raising college student children and investigated how parenting styles impacted their academic self-efficacy. The research objectives were to understand the challenges faced by single fathers, to examine the impact of parenting styles on academic self-efficacy, and to explore the academic experiences of college students under single-father parenting. The study adopted a phenomenological approach, involving in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data from four single-parent fathers with their respective children. The study found that single fathers encountered various challenges, including social stigma and difficulty connecting with their children. However, they also demonstrated resilience and provided moral support to their children, influencing their academic self-efficacy positively. Parenting styles, ranging from authoritative to uninvolved, significantly impacted students' academic self-efficacy, with some benefiting from autonomy while others struggled with the lack of emotional support. The study underscored the diversity of experiences among college students raised by single fathers and the importance of supportive parenting styles in fostering academic success. Recommendations were provided for single fathers, college students, family and friends, the community, and future researchers to promote understanding, empathy, and support for single-father households.
Exploring the role of cooperative learning in research among Senior High School Students
Conducting research is an inherently rigorous and challenging task for students, compounded when there is a lack of experience in navigating the process. Given this complexity, teachers often employ Cooperative Learning (CL) to promote active engagement and peer-to-peer learning. The ability of students to cooperate effectively becomes a critical factor for the successful completion of their research. Thus, the study investigated the role of CL in the research of Senior High School students, by looking into their extent of cooperation, the challenges they encountered and the perceived benefits of CL in their research outcomes. The study utilized the quantitative-descriptive research method and total enumeration was used to survey 76 Grade 12 students enrolled in Research at the University of Baguio. Findings indicate that the students exhibited a high level of cooperation, demonstrated particularly in their active listening, respect for diverse perspectives, and commitment to completing tasks. However, they also encountered significant challenges of varying levels, which include time constraints, lack of equal participation, lack of motivation, difficulty managing complex tasks as a group, and a lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities among members. Despite these hurdles, the students perceived cooperative learning as highly beneficial for their research outcomes because it facilitated a smoother data gathering process and resulted in an organized and clearer report. The study, therefore, concludes that while students are proficient in the interpersonal aspects of teamwork, they require explicit instruction in strategic planning, conflict resolution, and project management to navigate the complexities of collaborative research effectively.
Enhancing students’ cultural understanding through analysis of archetypes and symbols in pre-colonial Philippine poetry
The study examined the presence and significance of symbols and archetypes in pre-colonial Philippine poetry and determined how these elements enhanced the cultural awareness of Grade Seven students from the University of Baguio Science High School. It aimed to identify recurring symbols and archetypal patterns in selected narrative poems and explain their contribution to students’ understanding of Filipino identity and cultural values. A qualitative-descriptive research design was used, and purposive sampling was applied in selecting twenty-four student participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis, content analysis, and cultural context analysis to capture both students’ interpretations and the cultural meanings embedded in the poems. Results showed that natural symbols, communal imagery, and culturally grounded archetypes deepened students’ appreciation of Filipino heritage by linking historical experiences with contemporary personal challenges. Students associated the symbols and archetypes with values such as unity, perseverance, sacrifice, courage, and faith, which strengthened their sense of cultural identity and pride. The findings revealed that engaging with pre-colonial poetry enabled students to recognize cultural continuity across generations and to relate these values to modern social situations. The study concluded that symbols and archetypes served as effective tools for fostering cultural literacy and strengthening students’ connection to their heritage.
Unveiling pedagogical dynamics: a comprehensive examination of teachers’ feedback on academic performance of Senior High School students
Teacher feedback has a significant influence on students' academic performance, motivation, and learning. This study investigated the impact of teacher feedback on the academic performance and engagement of Senior High School students, aiming to identify best practices for effective feedback delivery. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design was utilized, beginning with structured survey questionnaires administered to 4 teachers and 254 Grade 12 students at the University of Baguio High School. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This was followed by qualitative, semi-structured interviews with selected teachers and students, which were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that students highly valued written comments, verbal suggestions, and one-on-one consultations, perceiving feedback as crucial for understanding mistakes, improving work quality, and enhancing learning. Teachers frequently used rubrics and verbal feedback, often provided written comments, one-on-one consultations, and online feedback, but rarely peer feedback. Student perceptions of feedback did not significantly differ across academic strands. Both positive and constructively delivered critical feedback motivated students, who emphasized the importance of specific, actionable, clear, and encouraging delivery. Teachers expressed a need for more time, personalization, and student reflection opportunities.
Prospecting the Sustainable Potential: Algae-based Biofertilizers for Enhanced Crop-Growth of Green Ice Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) and Soil Health in La Trinidad, Benguet
Due to the arising problem of soil degradation and health implications of synthetic or inorganic fertilizers, the integration of sustainable farming techniques such as the use of biofertilizers have emerged. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy and feasibility of an algae-based biofertilizer formulated from the mixed medium of filamentous algae, sugarcane molasses, and fermented rice bran as means of enhancing the crop growth of green ice lettuce and soil health in the agricultural area of La Trinidad, Benguet. Complete Randomized Design was used in the study in which the treatments were laid out with three replications. The experimental stage of the study was conducted at the Cordillera Organic Agriculture Research and Development Center and at the Benguet State University Soil Sciences Department. The application of the formulated algae-based biofertilizer was effective and feasible. In terms of plant growth, the results have shown that treatment application of T3 (60ml Algae-based biofertilizer diffused in 100ml of tap water) has the most significant effect, having a mean number of 13 leaves grown, 129.04 inches of plant height, and 140g in shoot weight; as compared to the control treatment T1 which has a mean number of 9 leaves grown, 117.26 inches of plant height and a shoot weight of 46.67g. In terms of soil health, the treatment application of T4 (90ml Algae- based biofertilizer diffused in 100ml of tap water) has the most significant effect, being the only treatment that has increased the organic matter content of the soil (OM) by 0.16%, highest increase in the content nutrient levels by 1.1983% in nitrogen (N), and water holding capacity (WHC) by 15.2%, as compared to all the other treatments. T3 (60mL Algae-based biofertilizer) followed closely with T4 as it has the highest registered increase of the potassium (K) content of the soil by 79.67 ppm. But despite having increasing the OM, content nutrient levels N and K, and the WHC of the soil, the effect of the mentioned treatments in the phosphorus (P) content and the pH levels of the soil was similar to all the other treatments (not significant) as it decreased the P content and only slightly increased the pH level of the soil. Furthermore, the control treatment which has the lowest effect in the soil only had improved the N levels by 0.66%, K by 30.33 ppm, and the WHC of the soil by 2.15%. Moreover, this study utilized a new approach in formulating an algae-based biofertilizer as compared to existing studies as it used macroalgae (filamentous algae) rather than microalgae cultures.
Biofertilizers, Filamentous Algae, Lettuce, Soil health, Sustainable Agriculture
Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning on the Performance of Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students in their Removable Partial Denture Design and Wax Patterns
Teaching in the 21st century is both exciting and challenging. The changing roles of teachers and changing characteristics of learners in this age of globalization makes it imperative for teachers to respond to the challenges of the times especially with regards to instruction. This study determines the effectiveness of the constructivist problem-based learning approach on the performance of pre-clinical Dentistry students in the course, Removable Partial Denture. The study utilized the experimental research method using the two-group research design. A total of 17 participants, with eight assigned to a control group using traditional instruction, and nine to the experimental group receiving PBL intervention. Preliminary assessment revealed low mastery for both groups, with mean scores of 12.50 (fair) in the control group and 20.55 (good) in the experimental group. After intervention, the achievement assessment scores improved to 19.37 (good) for control and 29.00 (very good) for experimental participants. T-test analyses found no significant difference between groups at pre-assessment (t = 1.03, p > .05), but a statistically significant advantage for the experimental group following PBL (t = 2.67, p < .05). The assessment rubric used demonstrated very high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.933) Comparison of the preliminary assessment and achievement assessment scores of the two groups was done to determine the effectiveness of the problem-based learning approach. The level of performance of the RPD students in the preliminary assessment reflects that the students have not fully mastered the principles and skills needed in designing and wax pattern fabrication. The level of performance of the RPD students in the achievement assessment reflects that the RPD students, particularly the experimental group have attained mastery of the principles and skills needed in designing and wax pattern fabrication. The problem-based learning intervention worked well in improving the level of performance of the experimental group. This concludes that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an effective teaching-learning strategy in the Dentistry education. Key limitations of the study include small sample size, the single institution setting, and the focus exclusively on pre-clinical laboratory outcomes rather than clinical skills or long-term learning retention.
Navigating ISO 21001:2018 Accreditation: A case study of the Admission and Records Center
This article catalogues the ISO 21001:2018 certification procedure that was carried out by the Admission and Records Center (ARC) of the University of Baguio. This study aims to critically examine the ISO 21001:2018 accreditation experience of the Admission and Records Center Office, with the intent of analyzing its processes, identifying the challenges and opportunities encountered, and evaluating its overall impact on the operational efficiency and quality of service delivery within the Registrar’s Office. In this study, the essential activities, obstacles, and institutional alterations connected with the accreditation journey are identified using qualitative theme analysis of participant responses. There were six participants in the study. The respondents were directly involved in the accreditation process. The highlights of the study are: Getting ISO 2100:2018 accreditation enabled the change in the processes in ARC’s institutional positioning, professional practices, and organizational procedures. ARC was able to build its credibility both inside and beyond the organization by using standardization, adaptive tactics, and feedback-driven improvements in its daily operation. The ISO accreditation resulted in creating a culture of quality awareness that linked compliance with ongoing progress. This added to the operational excellence that was in line with the university’s overall mission and long-term goals. Furthermore, as an outcome of the certification process, there were improvements in documentation procedures, service quality and increased satisfaction among stakeholders. Despite resource limitations and resistance to change, these were achieved during the accreditation process. The office should maintain ongoing improvement practices by making them a standard part of its operations. In the same vein, the office ought to allocate resources for capacity building for the remaining staff who were not part of the earlier initiative. Lastly, ISO 21001 should not be viewed as a separate initiative; instead, it should be fully integrated into the university’s strategic management system to further enhance the credibility and competitiveness of the institution.