Enhancing students’ cultural understanding through analysis of archetypes and symbols in pre-colonial Philippine poetry

Abstract

The study examined the presence and significance of symbols and archetypes in pre-colonial Philippine poetry and determined how these elements enhanced the cultural awareness of Grade Seven students from the University of Baguio Science High School. It aimed to identify recurring symbols and archetypal patterns in selected narrative poems and explain their contribution to students’ understanding of Filipino identity and cultural values. A qualitative-descriptive research design was used, and purposive sampling was applied in selecting twenty-four student participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis, content analysis, and cultural context analysis to capture both students’ interpretations and the cultural meanings embedded in the poems. Results showed that natural symbols, communal imagery, and culturally grounded archetypes deepened students’ appreciation of Filipino heritage by linking historical experiences with contemporary personal challenges. Students associated the symbols and archetypes with values such as unity, perseverance, sacrifice, courage, and faith, which strengthened their sense of cultural identity and pride. The findings revealed that engaging with pre-colonial poetry enabled students to recognize cultural continuity across generations and to relate these values to modern social situations. The study concluded that symbols and archetypes served as effective tools for fostering cultural literacy and strengthening students’ connection to their heritage.